Approximation properties of β-expansions

Simon Baker

Acta Arithmetica, Tome 168 (2015), p. 269-287 / Harvested from The Polish Digital Mathematics Library

Résumé

Let β ∈ (1,2) and x ∈ [0,1/(β-1)]. We call a sequence $(ϵ_{i})_{i=1}^{∞} ∈ {0,1}^{ℕ}$ a β-expansion for x if $x=∑_{i=1}^{∞}ϵ_{i}β^{-i}$. We call a finite sequence $(ϵ_{i})_{i=1}^{n} ∈ {0,1}^{n}$ an n-prefix for x if it can be extended to form a β-expansion of x. In this paper we study how good an approximation is provided by the set of n-prefixes. Given $Ψ: ℕ → ℝ_{≥ 0}$, we introduce the following subset of ℝ: $W_{β}(Ψ) := ⋂ _{m=1}^{∞} ⋃ _{n=m}^{∞} ⋃ _{(ϵ_{i})_{i=1}^{n}∈{0,1}^{n}} [∑_{i=1}^{n} (ϵ_{i})/(β^{i}),∑_{i=1}^{n}(ϵ_{i})/(β^{i}) + Ψ(n)] $In other words, $W_{β}(Ψ)$ is the set of x ∈ ℝ for which there exist infinitely many solutions to the inequalities $0 ≤ x - ∑_{i=1}^{n} (ϵ_{i})/(β^{i}) ≤ Ψ(n)$. When $∑_{n=1}^{∞} 2^{n}Ψ(n) < ∞$, the Borel-Cantelli lemma tells us that the Lebesgue measure of $W_{β}(Ψ)$ is zero. When $∑_{n=1}^{∞}2^{n}Ψ(n) = ∞$, determining the Lebesgue measure of $W_{β}(Ψ)$ is less straightforward. Our main result is that whenever β is a Garsia number and $∑_{n=1}^{∞}2^{n}Ψ(n) = ∞$ then $W_{β}(Ψ)$ is a set of full measure within [0,1/(β-1)]. Our approach makes no assumptions on the monotonicity of Ψ, unlike in classical Diophantine approximation where it is often necessary to assume Ψ is decreasing.

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Publié le : 2015-01-01

Zbl 06430570

EUDML-ID : urn:eudml:doc:279768