L'anxiété, un pont entre l'épilepsie et la mémoire ?
Chapouthier, Georges ; Lepicard, Eve M. ; Rössler, Anne Sophie ; Venault, Patrice
Philosophia Scientiae, Tome 6 (2002), p. 75-91 / Harvested from Numdam

Plusieurs travaux de pharmacologie du comportement, effectués chez les rongeurs, montrent que des mécanismes communs existent dans l'épilepsie, dans certaines formes d'anxiété et dans certains processus mnésiques. La raison en est sans doute l'ubiquité d'un médiateur cérébral appelé le GABA et qui intervient à la fois dans les trois phénomènes. L'analyse de ces résultats permet de suggérer que le fonctionnement normal du cerveau repose sur une anxiété légère. Les conséquences épistémologiques et philosophiques en sont discutées.

A number of studies on the pharmacology of behaviour conducted on rodents have revealed that mechanisms involved in epilepsy were also found in certain forms of anxiety and certain mnesic processes. This is probably due to the widespread presence of a cerebral transmitter named GABA which plays a role in all three phenomena. An analysis of the findings suggests the hypothesis that normal brain function is based on mild anxiety. The discussion deals with the epistemological and philosophical ramifications.

Publié le : 2002-01-01
@article{PHSC_2002__6_1_75_0,
     author = {Chapouthier, Georges and Lepicard, Eve M. and R\"ossler, Anne Sophie and Venault, Patrice},
     title = {L'anxi\'et\'e, un pont entre l'\'epilepsie et la m\'emoire~?},
     journal = {Philosophia Scientiae},
     volume = {6},
     year = {2002},
     pages = {75-91},
     language = {fr},
     url = {http://dml.mathdoc.fr/item/PHSC_2002__6_1_75_0}
}
Chapouthier, Georges; Lepicard, Eve M.; Rössler, Anne Sophie; Venault, Patrice. L'anxiété, un pont entre l'épilepsie et la mémoire ?. Philosophia Scientiae, Tome 6 (2002) pp. 75-91. http://gdmltest.u-ga.fr/item/PHSC_2002__6_1_75_0/

[1] American Psychiatric Association 1994.- Diagostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (fourth edition, 1994).

[2] Becker, Axel ; Grecksch, Gisela ; Matthies, Hansjürgen 1994.- The influence of diazepam on learning processes impaired by pentylenetetrazol kindling, Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives für Pharmacologie, 349, 492-496.

[3] Becker, Axel, Grecksch, Gisela, Ruthrich, Heide-Linde L., Pohle, Wulf, Marx, Bernhard, Matthies, Hansjürgen 1992.- Kindling and Its Consequences on Learning in Rats, Behavioral and neural Biology, 57, 37-43.

[4] Belzung, Catherine ; Misslin, René ; Vogel, Elise ; Dodd, Robert H. ; Chapouthier, Georges 1987.- Anxiogenic effects of methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate in a light/dark choice situation. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 28, 29-33.

[5] Chapouthier, Georges 1994.- La biologie de la mémoire. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1994.

[6] Chapouthier, Georges 2001.- L'homme, ce singe en mosaïque. Paris : Odile Jacob, 2001

[7] Chapouthier, Georges ; Kreutzer, Michel ; Ménini, Christian 1980.- Psychophysiologie - Le système nerveux et le Comportement. Paris : Etudes Vivantes, 1980. 1992a : β-carbolines : from genetics towards memory. European Bulletin of cognitive Psychology, 12, 575-584. 1992b : β-carbolines : from memory towards genetics, European Bulletin of cognitive Psychology, 12, 423-458.

[8] Chapouthier, Georges, Matras, Jean Jacques 1982.- Introduction au fonctionnement du système nerveux, Paris : Medsi, 1982.

[9] Costa, Erminio ; Guidotti, Alessandro ; Mao, Chi Chiang 1975.- Evidence for involvement of GABA in the action of benzodiazepines : study on rat cerebellum. In E. Costa, & P. Greengard eds, Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. New York : Raven Press, 1975 : 113-130.

[10] Depaulis, Antoine ; Helfer, Vincent ; Deransart, Colin ; Marescaux, Christian 1997.- Anxiogenic-like consequences in animal models of complex partial seizures. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 21, 767-774.

[11] Dorow, Rainer ; Horowski, Reinhard ; Paschelke, Gert ; Amin, M. ; Braestrup, Claus 1983.- Severe anxiety induced by FG 7142, a β-carboline ligand for benzodiazepine receptors. Lancet, 98-99.

[12] File, Sandra ; Mabbutt, Peter ; Becker, Axel ; Gonzales, Luis ; Fluck, Emma 1996.- Short-term rebound anxiolytic effects and long-term changes in platelet benzodiazepine binding after pentylenetetrazole-kindling in two strains of rats. Anxiety, 2, 109-116.

[13] Goddard, Graham ; Mcintyre, Dan ; Leech, Curtis 1969.- A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. Experimental Neurology, 25, 295-330.

[14] Gray, Jeffrey A. 1982.- The neuropsychology of anxiety : an enquiry into the septo-hippocampal system. Behavioural Brain Research, 5, 469-634.

[15] Helfer, Vincent ; Deransart, Colin ; Marescaux, Christian ; Depaulis, Antoine 1996.- Amygdala kindling in the rat : anxiogenic-like consequences. Neuroscience, 73, 971-978.

[16] Kalynchuk, Lisa E. ; Pinel, John P. ; Treit, Dallas 1998.- Long-term kindling and interictal emotionality in rats : effect of stimulation site. Brain Research, 779, 149-157.

[17] Karli, Pierre 1995.- Le cerveau et la liberté. Paris : Odile Jacob, 1995.

[18] Lecanuet, Jean-Pierre ; Alexinsky, Tatiana ; Chapouthier, Georges 1976.- The following response in chicks : conditions for the resistance of consolidation to a disruptive agent. Behavioral Biology, 16, 291-304.

[19] Lepicard, Eve M. ; Venault, Patrice ; Perez-Diaz, Fernando ; Joubert, Chantal ; Berthoz, Alain ; Chapouthier,Georges 2000.- Balance control and posture differences in the anxious BALB/ cByJ mice compared to the non anxious C57BL/6J mice, Behavioural Brain Research, 117, 185-195.

[20] Lister, Richard G. 1985.- The amnesic action of benzodiazepines in man, Neuroscience and biobehavioral Reviews, 9, 87-94.

[21] Marco, Pilar ; Sola, Rafael G. ; Pulido, Paloma ; Alijarde, Maria T. ; Sanchez, Alicia ; Ramón Y Cajal, Santiago ; Defelipe, Javier 1966.- Inhibitory neurons in the human epileptogenic temporal neocortex. An immunocytochemical study. Brain, 119, 1327-1347.

[22] Marks, Isaac ; Tobea, Adolf 1990.- Learning and unlearning fear : a clinical and evolutionary perspective. Neuroscience and biobehavioral Reviews, 14, 365-384.

[23] Pardon, Marie ; Perez-Diaz, Fernando ; Joubert, Chantal ; Cohen-Salmon, Charles 2000.- Age-dependent effects of a chronic ultramild stress procedure on open-field behaviour in B6D2F1 female mice. Physiology and Behavior, 70, 7-13.

[24] Petiau, Christophe ; Hirsch, Edouart ; Peretti, Siegfried ; Sellal, François ; Hammouti, A. ; Danion, Jean Marie ; Marescaux, Christian 1992.- Manifestations neurologiques paroxystiques révélatrices d'attaques de panique. Revue Neurologique, 148, 555-559.

[25] Prado De Calvalho, Lia ; Grecksch, Gisela ; Chapouthier, Georges ; Rossier, Jean 1983.- Anxiogenic and non-anxiogenic benzodiazepine antagonists. Nature, 301, 64-66. 1984 Characterization of convulsions induced by methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology, 103, 287-293.

[26] Raffalli-Sébille, Marie-José ; Venault, Patrice ; Dodd, Robert H. ; Chapouthier, Georges 1990.- Methyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate enhances performances in a multiple-trial learning task in mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 35, 281-284.

[27] Rinaldi, Daisy ; Larrigaldie, Vanessa ; Chapouthier, Georges ; Martin, Benoît 2001.- Unexpected absence of correlation between the genetic mechanisms regulating β-carboline-induced seizures and anxiety manifested in an elevated plus-maze test. Behavioural Brain Research, 125 (1-2), 159-165.

[28] Rössler, Anne Sophie ; Joubert, Chantal ; Chapouthier, Georges 2000.- Chronic mild stress alleviates anxious behaviour in female mice in two situations, Behavioral Processes, 49, 163-165.

[29] Rössler, Anne Sophie ; Schröder, Helmut ; Dodd, Robert H. ; Chapouthier, Georges ; Grecksch, Gisela 2000.- Benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist-induced kindling of rats alters learning and glutamate binding. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 67, 169-175.

[30] Salkovskis, Paul ; Clark, David ; Gelder, Michael 1996.- Cognition-behaviour links in the persistence of panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 453-458. 1991 Animal models of anxiety and the screening and development of novel anxiolytic drugs. In A. Boulton, G. Baker, & M. Marin-Iverson eds, Neuromethods : animal models in psychiatry II, London : The Humana press, 1991 : 147-198.

[31] Schacter, Daniel L. ; Tulving, Endel 1996.- Systèmes de mémoire chez l'animal et chez l'homme, Marseille, France : Solal.

[32] Spielberger, Charles D. 1975.- Anxiety : state-trait process. In C. D. Spielberger, & I. G. Sarason eds, Stress and Anxiety. New York : Wiley : 115-143

[33] Stone, William S. ; Gold, Paul E. 1988.- Amygdala kindling effects on sleep and memory in rats. Brain Research, 449, 135-140.

[34] Swanson, Sara J. ; Rao, S.M. ; Grafman, Jordan ; Salazar, Andres M. ; Kraft, Joan 1995.- The relationship between seizure subtype and interictal personality. Results from the Vietnam head injury study. Brain, 118, 91-103.

[35] Thiébot, Marie Hélène 1993.- Current behavioural models of anxiety in animals : how predictive are they for anxiolytic activity ? In Hamon M., Ollat H., Thiébot M.H. eds, Anxiety : Neurobiology, Clinic and Therapeutic Perspectives, Paris : John Libbey Eurotext and Editions INSERM, 1993 : 25-37.

[36] Venault, Patrice ; Chapouthier, Georges ; Prado De Carvalho, Lia ; Rossier, Jean 1992.- Effects of convulsant ligands of the GABA-Benzodiazepine receptor in conflict and learning tasks in mice. L'Encéphale (Paris), 18, 655-660.

[37] Venault, Patrice ; Chapouthier, Georges ; Prado De Carvalho, Lia ; Simiand, Jacques ; Morre, Michel ; Dodd, Robert H. ; Rossier, Jean 1986.- Benzodiazepine impairs and β-carboline enhances performances in learning and memory tasks. Nature, 321, 864-866.

[38] Viaud-Delmon, Isabelle ; Siegler, Isabelle ; Israel, Isabelle ; Jouvent, Roland ; Berthoz, Alain 2000.- Eye deviation during rotation in darkness in trait anxiety : an early expression of perceptual avoidance. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 112-118.

[39] Walters, Edgar T. ; Carew, Thomas J. ; Kandel, Eric R. 1981.- Associative learning in Aplysia : evidence for conditioned fear in an invertebrate. Science, 211, 504-506.

[40] Willner, Paul M. ; Muscat, Richard ; Papp, Mariusz 1992.- Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia : a realistic animal model of depression. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews., 16, 525-534.