We prove that polarised manifolds that admit a constant scalar
curvature Kähler (cscK) metric satisfy a condition we call slope
semistability. That is, we define the slope μ for a projective manifold
and for each of its subschemes, and show that if X is cscK then μ(Z) ≤ μ(X) for all subschemes Z.
This gives many examples of manifolds with Kähler classes which do not admit cscK metrics, such as del
Pezzo surfaces and projective bundles. If P(E) → B is a projective bundle which admits a cscK metric
in a rational Kähler class with sufficiently small fibres, then E is a slope semistable bundle
(and B is a slope semistable polarised manifold). The same is true for all rational Kähler classes
if the base B is a curve. We also show that the slope inequality holds automatically for
smooth curves, canonically polarised and Calabi-Yau manifolds, and manifolds with c1(X) > 0 and L
close to the canonical polarisation.