This paper deals with a family of lightlike (null) hypersurfaces (H u) of a Lorentzian manifold M such that each null normal vector ℓ of H u is not entirely in H u, but, is defined in some open subset of M around H u. Although the family (H u) is not unique, we show, subject to some reasonable condition(s), that the involved induced objects are independent of the choice of (H u) once evaluated at u = constant. We use (n+1)-splitting Lorentzian manifold to obtain a normalization of ℓ and a well-defined projector onto H, needed for Gauss, Weingarten, Gauss-Codazzi equations and calculate induced metrics on proper totally umbilical and totally geodesic H u. Finally, we establish a link between the geometry and physics of lightlike hypersurfaces and a variety of black hole horizons.
@article{bwmeta1.element.doi-10_2478_s11533-012-0067-x, author = {Krishan Duggal}, title = {Foliations of lightlike hypersurfaces and their physical interpretation}, journal = {Open Mathematics}, volume = {10}, year = {2012}, pages = {1789-1800}, zbl = {1259.53017}, language = {en}, url = {http://dml.mathdoc.fr/item/bwmeta1.element.doi-10_2478_s11533-012-0067-x} }
Krishan Duggal. Foliations of lightlike hypersurfaces and their physical interpretation. Open Mathematics, Tome 10 (2012) pp. 1789-1800. http://gdmltest.u-ga.fr/item/bwmeta1.element.doi-10_2478_s11533-012-0067-x/
[1] Akivis M.A., Goldberg V.V., On some methods of construction of invariant normalizations of lightlike hypersurfaces, Differential Geom. Appl., 2000, 12(2), 121–143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-2245(00)00008-5 | Zbl 0965.53022
[2] Arnowitt R., Deser S., Misner C.W., The dynamics of general relativity, In: Gravitation, Wiley, New York, 1962, 227–265 | Zbl 1152.83320
[3] Ashtekar A., Beetle C., Fairhurst S., Isolated horizons: a generalization of black hole mechanics, Classical Quantum Gravity, 1999, 16(2), L1–L7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/16/2/027 | Zbl 0947.83027
[4] Ashtekar A., Galloway G.J., Some uniqueness results for dynamical horizons, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys., 2005, 9(1), 1–30 | Zbl 1100.83016
[5] Ashtekar A., Krishnan B., Dynamical horizons and their properties, Phys. Rev. D, 2003, 68(10), #104030 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.104030 | Zbl 1071.83036
[6] Beem J.K., Ehrlich P.E., Global Lorentzian Geometry, Monogr. Textbooks Pure Appl. Math., 67, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1981
[7] Bejancu A., Duggal K.L., Degenerated hypersurfaces of semi-Riemannian manifolds, Bul. Inst. Politehn. Iaşi Secţ. I, 1991, 37(41)(1–4), 13–22 | Zbl 0808.53015
[8] Carter B., Extended tensorial curvature analysis for embeddings and foliations, In: Geometry and Nature, Madeira, July 30–August 5, 1995, Contemp. Math., 203, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 1997, 207–219 | Zbl 0877.57013
[9] Damour T., Black-hole eddy currents, Phys. Rev. D, 1978, 18(10), 3598–3604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.18.3598
[10] Duggal K.L., Bejancu A., Lightlike Submanifolds of Semi-Riemannian Manifolds and Applications, Math. Appl., 364, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1996 | Zbl 0848.53001
[11] Duggal K.L., Jin D.H., Null Curves and Hypersurfaces of Semi-Riemannian Manifolds, World Scientific, Hackensack, 2007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/6449
[12] Galloway G.J., Maximum principles for null hypersurfaces and null splitting theorem, Ann. Henri Poincaré, 2000, 1(3), 543–567 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000230050006 | Zbl 0965.53048
[13] Gourgoulhon E., Jaramillo J.L., A 3 + 1-perspective on null hypersurfaces and isolated horizons, Phys. Rep., 2006, 423(4–5), 159–294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2005.10.005
[14] Hawking S.W., Ellis G.F.R., The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, Cambridge Monogr. Math. Phys., 1, Cambridge University Press, London-New York, 1973
[15] Kossowski M., The intrinsic conformal structure and Gauss map of a light-like hypersurface in Minkowski space, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 1989, 316(1), 369–383 http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-1989-0938920-1 | Zbl 0691.53046
[16] Krishnan B., Fundamental properties and applications of quasi-local black hole horizons, Classical Quantum Gravity, 2008, 25(11), #114005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/25/11/114005
[17] Kupeli D.N., Singular Semi-Riemannian Geometry, Math. Appl., 366, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1996 | Zbl 0871.53001
[18] Lewandowski J., Spacetimes admitting isolated horizons, Classical Quantum Gravity, 2000, 17(4), L53–L59 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/17/4/101 | Zbl 0968.83010
[19] Swift S.T., Null limit of the Maxwell-Sen-Witten equation, Classical Quantum Gravity, 1992, 9(7), 1829–1838 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/9/7/014