Let G be a simple 4-regular plane graph and let S be a decomposition of G into edge-disjoint cycles. Suppose that every two adjacent edges on a face belong to different cycles of S. Such a graph G arises as a superposition of simple closed curves in the plane with tangencies disallowed. Studies of coloring of graphs of this kind were originated by Grötzsch. Two 4-chromatic graphs generated by circles in the plane were constructed by Koester in 1984 [10,11,12]. Until now, no other examples of such graphs were known. We present fourteen new 4-chromatic graphs generated by circles in the plane.
@article{bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-doi-10_7151_dmgt_1630,
author = {Andrey A. Dobrynin and Leonid S. Mel'nikov},
title = {4-chromatic Koester graphs},
journal = {Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory},
volume = {32},
year = {2012},
pages = {617-627},
language = {en},
url = {http://dml.mathdoc.fr/item/bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-doi-10_7151_dmgt_1630}
}
Andrey A. Dobrynin; Leonid S. Mel'nikov. 4-chromatic Koester graphs. Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory, Tome 32 (2012) pp. 617-627. http://gdmltest.u-ga.fr/item/bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-doi-10_7151_dmgt_1630/
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