We describe all sets which represent the quadratic residues in the sense that R = A + A or R = A ⨣ A. Also, we consider the case of an approximate equality R ≈ A + A and R ≈ A ⨣ A and prove that A is then close to a perfect difference set.
@article{bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-doi-10_4064-aa164-3-2, author = {I. D. Shkredov}, title = {Sumsets in quadratic residues}, journal = {Acta Arithmetica}, volume = {166}, year = {2014}, pages = {221-243}, zbl = {06321117}, language = {en}, url = {http://dml.mathdoc.fr/item/bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-doi-10_4064-aa164-3-2} }
I. D. Shkredov. Sumsets in quadratic residues. Acta Arithmetica, Tome 166 (2014) pp. 221-243. http://gdmltest.u-ga.fr/item/bwmeta1.element.bwnjournal-article-doi-10_4064-aa164-3-2/