A RED modified weighted moving average for soft real-time application

Joanna Domańska ; Adam Domański ; Dariusz R. Augustyn ; Jerzy Klamka

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Tome 24 (2014), p. 697-707 / Harvested from The Polish Digital Mathematics Library

Résumé

The popularity of TCP/IP has resulted in an increase in usage of best-effort networks for real-time communication. Much effort has been spent to ensure quality of service for soft real-time traffic over IP networks. The Internet Engineering Task Force has proposed some architecture components, such as Active Queue Management (AQM). The paper investigates the influence of the weighted moving average on packet waiting time reduction for an AQM mechanism: the RED algorithm. The proposed method for computing the average queue length is based on a difference equation (a recursive equation). Depending on a particular optimality criterion, proper parameters of the modified weighted moving average function can be chosen. This change will allow reducing the number of violations of timing constraints and better use of this mechanism for soft real-time transmissions. The optimization problem is solved through simulations performed in OMNeT++ and later verified experimentally on a Linux implementation.

Détail

Publié le : 2014-01-01

Zbl 1322.68030

EUDML-ID : urn:eudml:doc:271892

Bibliographie

[000] Abeni, L., Palopoli, L., Lipari, G. and Walpole, J. (2002). Analysis of a reservation-based feedback scheduler, Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE Real-Time System Symposium, Austin, TX, USA, pp. 71-80.

[001] Augustyn, D., Domański, A. and Domańska, J. (2010a). Active queue management with non linear packet dropping function, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Performance Modelling and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Networks HET-NETs, Zakopane, Poland, pp. 133-142.

[002] Augustyn, D., Domański, A. and Domańska, J. (2010b). A choice of optimal packet dropping function for active queue management, in A. Kwiecień, P. Gaj and P. Stera (Eds.), Computer Networks, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 79, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 199-206.

[003] Blake, S., Black, D., Carlson, M., Davies, E., Wang, Z. and Weiss, W. (1998). An architecture for differentiated services, RFC 2475, Network Working Group.

[004] Bonald, T., May, M. and Bolot, J. (2000). Analytic evaluation of RED performance, Proceedings of INFOCOM, Tel Aviv, Israel, pp. 1415-1424.

[005] Box, G., Jenkins, G. and Reinsel, G. (1970). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. | Zbl 1154.62062

[006] Braden, B., Clark, D., Crowcroft, J., Davie, B., Deering, S., Estrin, D., Floyd, S., Jacobson, V., Minshall, G., Partridge, C., Peterson, L., Ramakrishnan, K., Shenker, S., Wroclawski, J. and Zhang, L. (1998). Recommendations on queue management and congestion avoidance in the internet, RFC 2309, Network Working Group.

[007] Braden, R., Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S. and Jamin, S. (1997). Resource reservation protocol (RSVP)-version 1 functional specification, RFC 2205, Network Working Group.

[008] CAIDA (2014). Packet Size Distribution Comparison between Internet Links in 1998 and 2008, http://www.caida.org.

[009] Cena, G., Bertolotti, I.C. and Zunino, C. (2007). Evaluation of response times in industrial WLANs, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 3(3): 191-201.

[010] Cena, G., Seno, L., Valenzano, A. and Zunino, C. (2010). On the performance of IEEE 802.11e wireless infrastructures for soft-real-time industrial applications, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 6(3): 425-437.

[011] Cervin, A. and Eker, J. (2005). Control-scheduling codesign of real-time system: The control server approach, Journal of Embedded Computing 1(2): 209-224.

[012] Chang Feng, W., Kandlur, D. and Saha, D. (1999). Adaptive packet marking for maintaining end to end throughput in a differentiated service internet, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 7(5): 685-697.

[013] Cucinotta, T., Palopoli, L., Abeni, L., Faggioli, D. and Lipari, G. (2010). On the integration of application level and resource level QoS control for real-time application, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics 6(4): 479-491.

[014] Domańska, J., Augustyn, D. and Domański, A. (2012). The choice of optimal 3-rd order polynomial packet dropping function for NLRED in the presence of self-similar traffic, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60(4): 779-786.

[015] Domańska, J. and Domański, A. (2005). The influence of traffic self-similarity on QoS mechanism, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications and the Internet, SAINT, Trento, Italy, pp. 300-303.

[016] Domańska, J. and Domański, A. (2008). Active queue management in linux based routers, in J. Klamka, J. Domańska and A. Kapczyński (Eds.), Advanced Problems of Internet Technologies, WSB, Dąbrowa Górnicza, pp. 63-73.

[017] Domańska, J., Domański, A. and Czachórski, T. (2013). Fluid flow analysis of RED algorithm with modified weighted moving average, in A. Dudin, V. Klimenok, G. Tsarenkov and S. Dudin (Eds.), Modern Probabilistic Methods for Analysis of Telecommunication Networks, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 356, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 50-58.

[018] Domański, A., Domańska, J. and Czachórski, T. (2008). The impact of self-similarity on traffic shaping in wireless LAN, in S. Balandin, D. Moltchanov and Y. Koucheryavy (Eds.), Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5174, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 156-168.

[019] El-Gendy, M.A., Bose, A. and Shin, K.G. (2003). Evolution of the internet QoS and support for soft real-time applications, Proceedings of the IEEE 91(7): 1086-1104.

[020] Floyd, S. (1997). Discussions of setting parameters, http://www.icir.org/floyd/redparameters.txt.

[021] Floyd, S., Gummadi, R. and Shenker, S. (2001). Adaptive RED: An algorithm for increasing the robustness of REDS active queue management, Technical report, ICSI, Berkeley, CA.

[022] Floyd, S. and Jacobson, V. (1993). Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 1(4): 397-413.

[023] Georgoula, S., Trimintzios, P., Pavlou, G. and Ho, K. (2005). Heterogeneous real-time traffic admission control in differentiated services domains, Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM, St. Louis, MO, USA, Vol. 1, pp. 523-528.

[024] Grinnemo, K., Garcia, J. and Brunstrom, A. (2004). Taxonomy and survey of retransmission-based partially reliable transport protocols, Computer Communications 27(15): 1441-1452.

[025] Haider, A. (2004). Improved Congestion Control for Packet Switched Data Networks and the Internet, Ph.D. thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.

[026] Haider, A. and Nakao, A. (2008). On path switching in overlay network, Proceedings of the Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC), Adelaide, Australia, pp. 355-360.

[027] Hassan, M. and Jain, R. (2004). High Performance TCP/IP Networking, Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.

[028] Hooke, R. and Jeeves, T. (1961). Direct search solution of numerical and statistical problems, Journal of the ACM 8(2): 212-229. | Zbl 0111.12501

[029] Kelley, C. (1999). Iterative Methods for Optimization, Frontiers in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 18, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA. | Zbl 0934.90082

[030] Kinicki, R. and Zheng, Z. (2001). A performance study of explicit congestion notification (ECN) with heterogeneous TCP flows, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Networking, London, UK, pp. 98-106. | Zbl 0980.68917

[031] Kurose, J. and Ross, K. (2007). Computer Networking: A TopDown Approach Featuring the Internet, 4th Edn., Addison Wesley, Boston, MA.

[032] Lu, C., Lu, Y., Abdelzaher, T., Stankovic, J. and Son, S. H. (2006). Feedback control architecture and design methodology for service delay guarantees in web servers, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 17(9): 1014-1027.

[033] May, M., Bonald, T. and Bolot, J. (2000a). Analytic evaluation of RED performance, Proceedings of IEEE Infocom, TelAviv, Israel, pp. 1415-1424.

[034] May, M., Diot, C., Lyles, B. and Bolot, J. (2000b). Influence of active queue management parameters on aggregate traffic performance, Technical report, Institut de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Sophia Antipolis.

[035] Nsasoft Traffic Emulator (2014). http://www.nsasys.com.

[036] OMNET++ (2014). http://www.omnetpp.org.

[037] Padhy, P. and Sundaram, R. (2010). Analysis and design of improved PI-PD controller for TCP AQM routers, Proceedings of the International Conference on Power, Control and Embedded Systems (ICPCES), Allahabad, India, pp. 1-5.

[038] Palopoli, L., Conticelli, F., Natale, M.D. and Butazzo, G. (2000). Real-time control system analysis: An integrated approach, Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Real-Time System Symposium, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 131-140.

[039] Reid, C. (2008). Achieving Soft Real-Time Guarantees for Interactive Applications in Wireless Mesh Networks, Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario.

[040] Reinemo, S., Sem-Jacobsen, F., Skeie, T. and Lysne, O. (2003). Admission control for DiffServ based quality of service in cut-through networks, in T.M. Pinkston and V.K. Prasanna (Eds.), High Performance Computing (HiPC 2003), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2913, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 118-129.

[041] Robert, S. (1996). Modélisation Markovienne du Trafic dans les Réseaux de Communication, Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne.

[042] Robert, S.J.B. (1997). New models for pseudo self-similar traffic, Performance Evaluation 30: 57-68.

[043] Shah, P., Yasmin, S., Asghar, S., Qayyum, A. and Hasbullah, H. (2012). A fluid flow model for SCTP traffic over the internet, Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET), Cairo, Egypt, pp. 1-6.

[044] Sinha, R., Papadopoulos, C. and Heidemann, J. (2007). Internet packet size distributions: Some observations, Technical Report ISI-TR-2007-643, USC, Los Angeles, CA.

[045] Stankovic, J. and Rajkumar, R. (2004). Real-time operating systems, Real-time Systems 28(2-3): 237-253. | Zbl 1094.68539

[046] Wang, B. (2009). Priority and Realtime Data Transfer over the Best-effort Internet, VDM Verlag, Saarbrücken.

[047] Wang, X. (2006). Active Queue Management for Real-time IP Traffic, Ph.D. thesis, University of London, London.

[048] Wijnants, M. and Lamotte, W. (2006). Timeliness of real-time IP communications in switched industrial ethernet networks, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics 2(1): 25-39.

[049] Wijnants, M. and Lamotte, W. (2008). Managing client bandwidth in the presence of both real-time and non real-time network traffic, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware (COMSWARE 2008), Bangalore, India, pp. 442-450.

[050] Wroclawski, J. (1997). The use of RSVP with IETF integrated services, RFC 2210, Network Working Group.

[051] Zheng, B. and Atiquzzaman, M. (2000). A framework to determine the optimal weight parameter of RED in next generation internet routers, Technical report, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH.

[052] Zheng, B. and Atiquzzaman, M. (2002). Low pass filter/over drop avoidance (LPF/ODA): An algorithm to improve the response time of red gateways, International Journal of Communication Systems 10(15): 899-906. | Zbl 1009.68631

[053] Zhou, K., Yeung, K. and Li, V. (2006). Nonlinear RED: A simple yet efficient active queue management scheme, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking 50(18): 3784-3794. | Zbl 1103.68364