A PAC teaching model - under helpful distributions - is proposed which introduces the classical ideas of teaching models within the PAC setting: a polynomial-sized teaching set is associated with each target concept; the criterion of success is PAC identification; an additional parameter, namely the inverse of the minimum probability assigned to any example in the teaching set, is associated with each distribution; the learning algorithm running time takes this new parameter into account. An Occam razor theorem and its converse are proved. Some classical classes of boolean functions, such as Decision Lists, DNF and CNF formulas are proved learnable in this model. Comparisons with other teaching models are made: learnability in the Goldman and Mathias model implies PAC learnability under helpful distributions. Note that Decision lists and DNF are not known to be learnable in the Goldman and Mathias model. A new simple PAC model, where “simple” refers to Kolmogorov complexity, is introduced. We show that most learnability results obtained within previously defined simple PAC models can be simply derived from more general results in our model.
@article{ITA_2001__35_2_129_0, author = {Denis, Fran\c cois and Gilleron, R\'emi}, title = {PAC learning under helpful distributions}, journal = {RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications - Informatique Th\'eorique et Applications}, volume = {35}, year = {2001}, pages = {129-148}, mrnumber = {1862459}, zbl = {0992.68118}, language = {en}, url = {http://dml.mathdoc.fr/item/ITA_2001__35_2_129_0} }
Denis, François; Gilleron, Rémi. PAC learning under helpful distributions. RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications - Informatique Théorique et Applications, Tome 35 (2001) pp. 129-148. http://gdmltest.u-ga.fr/item/ITA_2001__35_2_129_0/
[1] Learning Regular Sets from Queries and Counterexamples. Inform. and Comput. 75 (1987) 87-106. | MR 916360 | Zbl 0636.68112
,[2] Queries and Concept Learning. Machine Learning 2 (1988) 319-342.
,[3] Nonuniform Learnability, in ICALP (1988) 82-92. | MR 1023628 | Zbl 0649.68080
and ,[4] Occam's Razor. Inform. Process. Lett. 24 (1987) 377-380. | Zbl 0653.68084
, , and ,[5] On the Necessity of Occam Algorithms. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 100 (1992) 157-184. | MR 1171438 | Zbl 0825.68544
and ,[6] Exact Learning Boolean Function via the Monotone Theory. Inform. and Comput. 123 (1995) 146-153. | MR 1358974 | Zbl 1096.68634
,[7] Simple PAC learning of simple decision lists, in ALT 95, 6th International Workshop on Algorithmic Learning Theory. Springer, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 997 (1995) 239-250.
and ,[8] PACS, simple-PAC and query learning. Inform. Process. Lett. 73 (2000) 11-16. | MR 1741500 | Zbl 1339.68130
and ,[9] Learning regular languages from simple positive examples, Machine Learning. Technical Report LIFL 321 - 1998; http://www.lifl.fr/denis (to appear). | Zbl 0983.68104
,[10] PAC Learning with Simple Examples, in 13th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science. Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 1046 (1996) 231-242.
, and ,[11] PAC learning under helpful distributions, in Proc. of the 8th International Workshop on Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT-97), edited by M. Li and A. Maruoka. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 1316 (1997) 132-145. | MR 1707552 | Zbl 0887.68084
and ,[12] Complexity of Automaton Identification from Given Data. Inform. and Control 37 (1978) 302-320. | MR 495194 | Zbl 0376.68041
,[13] On the Complexity of Teaching. J. Comput. System Sci. 50 (1995) 20-31. | MR 1322630 | Zbl 0939.68770
and ,[14] Teaching a Smarter Learner. J. Comput. System Sci. 52 (1996) 255-267. | MR 1393993 | Zbl 1152.68451
and ,[15] Lower Bounds on Learning Decision Lists and Trees. Inform. and Comput. 126 (1996) 114-122. | MR 1391107 | Zbl 0856.68121
, , and ,[16] Equivalence of Models for Polynomial Learnability. Inform. and Comput. 95 (1991) 129-161. | MR 1138115 | Zbl 0743.68115
, , and ,[17] Characteristic Sets for Polynomial Grammatical Inference. Machine Learning 27 (1997) 125-137. | Zbl 0884.68107
,[18] Recent Results on Boolean Concept Learning, in Proc. of the Fourth International Workshop on Machine Learning (1987) 337-352.
, , and ,[19] An Introduction to Computational Learning Theory. MIT Press (1994). | MR 1331838
and ,[20] Learning simple concepts under simple distributions. SIAM J. Comput. 20 (1991) 911-935. | MR 1115658 | Zbl 0751.68055
and ,[21] An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications, 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag (1997). | MR 1438307 | Zbl 0866.68051
and ,[22] DNF: If You Can't Learn 'em, Teach 'em: An Interactive Model of Teaching, in Proc. of the 8th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (COLT'95). ACM Press, New York (1995) 222-229.
,[23] Machine Learning: A Theoretical Approach. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA (1991). | MR 1137519
,[24] On Learning Boolean Functions, in Proc. of the 19th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. ACM Press (1987) 296-304.
,[25] Inferring regular languages in polynomial update time, in Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (1992) 49-61.
and ,[26] On the Relationships between Models of Learning in Helpful Environments, in Proc. Fifth International Conference on Grammatical Inference (2000). | Zbl 0974.68165
and ,[27] Learning DFA from simple examples, in Proc. of the 8th International Workshop on Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT-97), edited by M. Li and A. Maruoka. Springer, Berlin, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1316 (1997) 116-131. | MR 1707551 | Zbl 0887.68083
and ,[28] Simple DFA are polynomially probably exactly learnable from simple examples, in Proc. 16th International Conf. on Machine Learning (1999) 298-306.
and ,[29] Learning Decision Lists. Machine Learning 2 (1987) 229-246.
,[30] Approximate Testing and Learnability, in Proc. of the 5th Annual ACM Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, edited by D. Haussler. ACM Press, Pittsburgh, PA (1992) 327-332.
,[31] Learning with a Helpful Teacher, in Proc. of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, edited by R. Myopoulos and J. Reiter. Morgan Kaufmann, Sydney, Australia (1991) 705-711. | Zbl 0748.68065
, , and ,[32] The Strength of Weak Learnability. Machine Learning 5 (1990) 197-227. | Zbl 0747.68058
,[33] Teachability in Computational Learning. NEWGEN: New Generation Computing 8 (1991). | Zbl 0712.68084
and ,[34] A Theory of the Learnable. Commun. ACM 27 (1984) 1134-1142. | Zbl 0587.68077
,