This paper considers the dynamics of a general nonlinear structured
population model governed by ordinary differential equations.
We are especially concerned with the survival possibility of structured
populations.
Our results show that, under a certain mild condition, the instability
of the population free equilibrium point implies that the structured
population survives in the sense of permanence.
Furthermore, the relationship between the basic reproduction number and
the instability of the population free equilibrium point provides
simple criteria for population survival.
The results are applied to both stage-structured and spatially
structured models.