This paper proves large deviation theorems for a general class of random vectors taking values in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and in certain infinite dimensional spaces. The proofs are based on convexity methods. As an application, we give a new proof of the large deviation property of the empirical measures of finite state Markov chains (originally proved by M. Donsker and S. Varadhan). We also discuss a new notion of stochastic convergence, called exponential convergence, which is closely related to the large deviation results.