An exponential martingale is associated with the Markov chain of the number of customers in the $M/GI/1$ queue. With the help of arguments from renewal theory, this martingale provides a unified probabilistic framework for deriving several well-known generating functions for the $M/GI/1$ queue, such as the Pollaczek-Khintchine formula, the transient generating function of the number of customers at departure epochs and the generating function of the number of customers served in a busy period.
@article{1176991182,
author = {Baccelli, Francois and Makowski, Armand M.},
title = {Dynamic, Transient and Stationary Behavior of the $M/GI/1$ Queue Via Martingales},
journal = {Ann. Probab.},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
year = {1989},
pages = { 1691-1699},
language = {en},
url = {http://dml.mathdoc.fr/item/1176991182}
}
Baccelli, Francois; Makowski, Armand M. Dynamic, Transient and Stationary Behavior of the $M/GI/1$ Queue Via Martingales. Ann. Probab., Tome 17 (1989) no. 4, pp. 1691-1699. http://gdmltest.u-ga.fr/item/1176991182/