We study the Boltzmann equation for a mixture of two gases in one space
dimension with initial condition of one gas near vacuum and the other near a
Maxwellian equilibrium state. A qualitative-quantitative mathematical analysis
is developed to study this mass diffusion problem based on the Green's function
of the Boltzmann equation for the single species hard sphere collision model as
developed in work of Liu and Yu. The cross species resonance of the mass
diffusion and the diffusion-sound wave is investigated. An exponentially sharp
global solution is obtained.